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711 lines
24 KiB
Go
711 lines
24 KiB
Go
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// Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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package s2
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import (
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"fmt"
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"io"
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"math"
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"github.com/golang/geo/r1"
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"github.com/golang/geo/r3"
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"github.com/golang/geo/s1"
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)
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// Rect represents a closed latitude-longitude rectangle.
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type Rect struct {
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Lat r1.Interval
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Lng s1.Interval
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}
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var (
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validRectLatRange = r1.Interval{-math.Pi / 2, math.Pi / 2}
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validRectLngRange = s1.FullInterval()
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)
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// EmptyRect returns the empty rectangle.
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func EmptyRect() Rect { return Rect{r1.EmptyInterval(), s1.EmptyInterval()} }
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// FullRect returns the full rectangle.
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func FullRect() Rect { return Rect{validRectLatRange, validRectLngRange} }
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// RectFromLatLng constructs a rectangle containing a single point p.
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func RectFromLatLng(p LatLng) Rect {
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return Rect{
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Lat: r1.Interval{p.Lat.Radians(), p.Lat.Radians()},
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Lng: s1.Interval{p.Lng.Radians(), p.Lng.Radians()},
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}
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}
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// RectFromCenterSize constructs a rectangle with the given size and center.
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// center needs to be normalized, but size does not. The latitude
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// interval of the result is clamped to [-90,90] degrees, and the longitude
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// interval of the result is FullRect() if and only if the longitude size is
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// 360 degrees or more.
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//
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// Examples of clamping (in degrees):
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// center=(80,170), size=(40,60) -> lat=[60,90], lng=[140,-160]
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// center=(10,40), size=(210,400) -> lat=[-90,90], lng=[-180,180]
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// center=(-90,180), size=(20,50) -> lat=[-90,-80], lng=[155,-155]
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func RectFromCenterSize(center, size LatLng) Rect {
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half := LatLng{size.Lat / 2, size.Lng / 2}
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return RectFromLatLng(center).expanded(half)
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}
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// IsValid returns true iff the rectangle is valid.
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// This requires Lat ⊆ [-π/2,π/2] and Lng ⊆ [-π,π], and Lat = ∅ iff Lng = ∅
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func (r Rect) IsValid() bool {
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return math.Abs(r.Lat.Lo) <= math.Pi/2 &&
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math.Abs(r.Lat.Hi) <= math.Pi/2 &&
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r.Lng.IsValid() &&
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r.Lat.IsEmpty() == r.Lng.IsEmpty()
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}
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// IsEmpty reports whether the rectangle is empty.
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func (r Rect) IsEmpty() bool { return r.Lat.IsEmpty() }
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// IsFull reports whether the rectangle is full.
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func (r Rect) IsFull() bool { return r.Lat.Equal(validRectLatRange) && r.Lng.IsFull() }
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// IsPoint reports whether the rectangle is a single point.
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func (r Rect) IsPoint() bool { return r.Lat.Lo == r.Lat.Hi && r.Lng.Lo == r.Lng.Hi }
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// Vertex returns the i-th vertex of the rectangle (i = 0,1,2,3) in CCW order
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// (lower left, lower right, upper right, upper left).
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func (r Rect) Vertex(i int) LatLng {
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var lat, lng float64
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switch i {
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case 0:
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lat = r.Lat.Lo
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lng = r.Lng.Lo
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case 1:
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lat = r.Lat.Lo
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lng = r.Lng.Hi
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case 2:
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lat = r.Lat.Hi
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lng = r.Lng.Hi
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case 3:
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lat = r.Lat.Hi
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lng = r.Lng.Lo
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}
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return LatLng{s1.Angle(lat) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(lng) * s1.Radian}
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}
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// Lo returns one corner of the rectangle.
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func (r Rect) Lo() LatLng {
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return LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Lo) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Lo) * s1.Radian}
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}
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// Hi returns the other corner of the rectangle.
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func (r Rect) Hi() LatLng {
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return LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Hi) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Hi) * s1.Radian}
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}
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// Center returns the center of the rectangle.
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func (r Rect) Center() LatLng {
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return LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Center()) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Center()) * s1.Radian}
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}
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// Size returns the size of the Rect.
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func (r Rect) Size() LatLng {
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return LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Length()) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Length()) * s1.Radian}
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}
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// Area returns the surface area of the Rect.
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func (r Rect) Area() float64 {
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if r.IsEmpty() {
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return 0
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}
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capDiff := math.Abs(math.Sin(r.Lat.Hi) - math.Sin(r.Lat.Lo))
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return r.Lng.Length() * capDiff
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}
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// AddPoint increases the size of the rectangle to include the given point.
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func (r Rect) AddPoint(ll LatLng) Rect {
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if !ll.IsValid() {
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return r
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}
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return Rect{
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Lat: r.Lat.AddPoint(ll.Lat.Radians()),
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Lng: r.Lng.AddPoint(ll.Lng.Radians()),
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}
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}
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// expanded returns a rectangle that has been expanded by margin.Lat on each side
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// in the latitude direction, and by margin.Lng on each side in the longitude
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// direction. If either margin is negative, then it shrinks the rectangle on
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// the corresponding sides instead. The resulting rectangle may be empty.
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//
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// The latitude-longitude space has the topology of a cylinder. Longitudes
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// "wrap around" at +/-180 degrees, while latitudes are clamped to range [-90, 90].
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// This means that any expansion (positive or negative) of the full longitude range
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// remains full (since the "rectangle" is actually a continuous band around the
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// cylinder), while expansion of the full latitude range remains full only if the
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// margin is positive.
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//
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// If either the latitude or longitude interval becomes empty after
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// expansion by a negative margin, the result is empty.
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//
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// Note that if an expanded rectangle contains a pole, it may not contain
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// all possible lat/lng representations of that pole, e.g., both points [π/2,0]
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// and [π/2,1] represent the same pole, but they might not be contained by the
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// same Rect.
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//
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// If you are trying to grow a rectangle by a certain distance on the
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// sphere (e.g. 5km), refer to the ExpandedByDistance() C++ method implementation
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// instead.
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func (r Rect) expanded(margin LatLng) Rect {
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lat := r.Lat.Expanded(margin.Lat.Radians())
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lng := r.Lng.Expanded(margin.Lng.Radians())
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if lat.IsEmpty() || lng.IsEmpty() {
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return EmptyRect()
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}
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return Rect{
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Lat: lat.Intersection(validRectLatRange),
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Lng: lng,
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}
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}
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func (r Rect) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("[Lo%v, Hi%v]", r.Lo(), r.Hi()) }
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// PolarClosure returns the rectangle unmodified if it does not include either pole.
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// If it includes either pole, PolarClosure returns an expansion of the rectangle along
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// the longitudinal range to include all possible representations of the contained poles.
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func (r Rect) PolarClosure() Rect {
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if r.Lat.Lo == -math.Pi/2 || r.Lat.Hi == math.Pi/2 {
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return Rect{r.Lat, s1.FullInterval()}
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}
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return r
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}
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// Union returns the smallest Rect containing the union of this rectangle and the given rectangle.
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func (r Rect) Union(other Rect) Rect {
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return Rect{
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Lat: r.Lat.Union(other.Lat),
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Lng: r.Lng.Union(other.Lng),
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}
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}
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// Intersection returns the smallest rectangle containing the intersection of
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// this rectangle and the given rectangle. Note that the region of intersection
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// may consist of two disjoint rectangles, in which case a single rectangle
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// spanning both of them is returned.
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func (r Rect) Intersection(other Rect) Rect {
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lat := r.Lat.Intersection(other.Lat)
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lng := r.Lng.Intersection(other.Lng)
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if lat.IsEmpty() || lng.IsEmpty() {
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return EmptyRect()
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}
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return Rect{lat, lng}
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}
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// Intersects reports whether this rectangle and the other have any points in common.
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func (r Rect) Intersects(other Rect) bool {
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return r.Lat.Intersects(other.Lat) && r.Lng.Intersects(other.Lng)
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}
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// CapBound returns a cap that contains Rect.
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func (r Rect) CapBound() Cap {
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// We consider two possible bounding caps, one whose axis passes
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// through the center of the lat-long rectangle and one whose axis
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// is the north or south pole. We return the smaller of the two caps.
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if r.IsEmpty() {
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return EmptyCap()
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}
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var poleZ, poleAngle float64
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if r.Lat.Hi+r.Lat.Lo < 0 {
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// South pole axis yields smaller cap.
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poleZ = -1
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poleAngle = math.Pi/2 + r.Lat.Hi
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} else {
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poleZ = 1
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poleAngle = math.Pi/2 - r.Lat.Lo
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}
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poleCap := CapFromCenterAngle(Point{r3.Vector{0, 0, poleZ}}, s1.Angle(poleAngle)*s1.Radian)
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// For bounding rectangles that span 180 degrees or less in longitude, the
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// maximum cap size is achieved at one of the rectangle vertices. For
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// rectangles that are larger than 180 degrees, we punt and always return a
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// bounding cap centered at one of the two poles.
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if math.Remainder(r.Lng.Hi-r.Lng.Lo, 2*math.Pi) >= 0 && r.Lng.Hi-r.Lng.Lo < 2*math.Pi {
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midCap := CapFromPoint(PointFromLatLng(r.Center())).AddPoint(PointFromLatLng(r.Lo())).AddPoint(PointFromLatLng(r.Hi()))
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if midCap.Height() < poleCap.Height() {
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return midCap
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}
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}
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return poleCap
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}
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// RectBound returns itself.
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func (r Rect) RectBound() Rect {
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return r
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}
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// Contains reports whether this Rect contains the other Rect.
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func (r Rect) Contains(other Rect) bool {
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return r.Lat.ContainsInterval(other.Lat) && r.Lng.ContainsInterval(other.Lng)
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}
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// ContainsCell reports whether the given Cell is contained by this Rect.
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func (r Rect) ContainsCell(c Cell) bool {
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// A latitude-longitude rectangle contains a cell if and only if it contains
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// the cell's bounding rectangle. This test is exact from a mathematical
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// point of view, assuming that the bounds returned by Cell.RectBound()
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// are tight. However, note that there can be a loss of precision when
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// converting between representations -- for example, if an s2.Cell is
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// converted to a polygon, the polygon's bounding rectangle may not contain
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// the cell's bounding rectangle. This has some slightly unexpected side
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// effects; for instance, if one creates an s2.Polygon from an s2.Cell, the
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// polygon will contain the cell, but the polygon's bounding box will not.
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return r.Contains(c.RectBound())
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}
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// ContainsLatLng reports whether the given LatLng is within the Rect.
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func (r Rect) ContainsLatLng(ll LatLng) bool {
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if !ll.IsValid() {
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return false
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}
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return r.Lat.Contains(ll.Lat.Radians()) && r.Lng.Contains(ll.Lng.Radians())
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}
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// ContainsPoint reports whether the given Point is within the Rect.
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func (r Rect) ContainsPoint(p Point) bool {
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return r.ContainsLatLng(LatLngFromPoint(p))
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}
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// CellUnionBound computes a covering of the Rect.
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func (r Rect) CellUnionBound() []CellID {
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return r.CapBound().CellUnionBound()
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}
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// intersectsLatEdge reports whether the edge AB intersects the given edge of constant
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// latitude. Requires the points to have unit length.
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func intersectsLatEdge(a, b Point, lat s1.Angle, lng s1.Interval) bool {
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// Unfortunately, lines of constant latitude are curves on
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// the sphere. They can intersect a straight edge in 0, 1, or 2 points.
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// First, compute the normal to the plane AB that points vaguely north.
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z := Point{a.PointCross(b).Normalize()}
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if z.Z < 0 {
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z = Point{z.Mul(-1)}
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}
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// Extend this to an orthonormal frame (x,y,z) where x is the direction
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// where the great circle through AB achieves its maximium latitude.
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y := Point{z.PointCross(PointFromCoords(0, 0, 1)).Normalize()}
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x := y.Cross(z.Vector)
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// Compute the angle "theta" from the x-axis (in the x-y plane defined
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// above) where the great circle intersects the given line of latitude.
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sinLat := math.Sin(float64(lat))
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if math.Abs(sinLat) >= x.Z {
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// The great circle does not reach the given latitude.
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return false
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}
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cosTheta := sinLat / x.Z
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sinTheta := math.Sqrt(1 - cosTheta*cosTheta)
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theta := math.Atan2(sinTheta, cosTheta)
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// The candidate intersection points are located +/- theta in the x-y
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// plane. For an intersection to be valid, we need to check that the
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// intersection point is contained in the interior of the edge AB and
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// also that it is contained within the given longitude interval "lng".
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// Compute the range of theta values spanned by the edge AB.
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abTheta := s1.IntervalFromPointPair(
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math.Atan2(a.Dot(y.Vector), a.Dot(x)),
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math.Atan2(b.Dot(y.Vector), b.Dot(x)))
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if abTheta.Contains(theta) {
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// Check if the intersection point is also in the given lng interval.
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isect := x.Mul(cosTheta).Add(y.Mul(sinTheta))
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if lng.Contains(math.Atan2(isect.Y, isect.X)) {
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return true
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}
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}
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if abTheta.Contains(-theta) {
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// Check if the other intersection point is also in the given lng interval.
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isect := x.Mul(cosTheta).Sub(y.Mul(sinTheta))
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if lng.Contains(math.Atan2(isect.Y, isect.X)) {
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return true
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}
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}
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return false
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}
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// intersectsLngEdge reports whether the edge AB intersects the given edge of constant
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// longitude. Requires the points to have unit length.
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func intersectsLngEdge(a, b Point, lat r1.Interval, lng s1.Angle) bool {
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// The nice thing about edges of constant longitude is that
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// they are straight lines on the sphere (geodesics).
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return CrossingSign(a, b, PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(lat.Lo), lng}),
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PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(lat.Hi), lng})) == Cross
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}
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// IntersectsCell reports whether this rectangle intersects the given cell. This is an
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// exact test and may be fairly expensive.
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func (r Rect) IntersectsCell(c Cell) bool {
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// First we eliminate the cases where one region completely contains the
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// other. Once these are disposed of, then the regions will intersect
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// if and only if their boundaries intersect.
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if r.IsEmpty() {
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return false
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}
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if r.ContainsPoint(Point{c.id.rawPoint()}) {
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return true
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}
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if c.ContainsPoint(PointFromLatLng(r.Center())) {
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return true
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}
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// Quick rejection test (not required for correctness).
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if !r.Intersects(c.RectBound()) {
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return false
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}
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// Precompute the cell vertices as points and latitude-longitudes. We also
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// check whether the Cell contains any corner of the rectangle, or
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// vice-versa, since the edge-crossing tests only check the edge interiors.
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vertices := [4]Point{}
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latlngs := [4]LatLng{}
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for i := range vertices {
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vertices[i] = c.Vertex(i)
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latlngs[i] = LatLngFromPoint(vertices[i])
|
||
|
if r.ContainsLatLng(latlngs[i]) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if c.ContainsPoint(PointFromLatLng(r.Vertex(i))) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Now check whether the boundaries intersect. Unfortunately, a
|
||
|
// latitude-longitude rectangle does not have straight edges: two edges
|
||
|
// are curved, and at least one of them is concave.
|
||
|
for i := range vertices {
|
||
|
edgeLng := s1.IntervalFromEndpoints(latlngs[i].Lng.Radians(), latlngs[(i+1)&3].Lng.Radians())
|
||
|
if !r.Lng.Intersects(edgeLng) {
|
||
|
continue
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
a := vertices[i]
|
||
|
b := vertices[(i+1)&3]
|
||
|
if edgeLng.Contains(r.Lng.Lo) && intersectsLngEdge(a, b, r.Lat, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Lo)) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if edgeLng.Contains(r.Lng.Hi) && intersectsLngEdge(a, b, r.Lat, s1.Angle(r.Lng.Hi)) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if intersectsLatEdge(a, b, s1.Angle(r.Lat.Lo), r.Lng) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if intersectsLatEdge(a, b, s1.Angle(r.Lat.Hi), r.Lng) {
|
||
|
return true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
return false
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Encode encodes the Rect.
|
||
|
func (r Rect) Encode(w io.Writer) error {
|
||
|
e := &encoder{w: w}
|
||
|
r.encode(e)
|
||
|
return e.err
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
func (r Rect) encode(e *encoder) {
|
||
|
e.writeInt8(encodingVersion)
|
||
|
e.writeFloat64(r.Lat.Lo)
|
||
|
e.writeFloat64(r.Lat.Hi)
|
||
|
e.writeFloat64(r.Lng.Lo)
|
||
|
e.writeFloat64(r.Lng.Hi)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Decode decodes a rectangle.
|
||
|
func (r *Rect) Decode(rd io.Reader) error {
|
||
|
d := &decoder{r: asByteReader(rd)}
|
||
|
r.decode(d)
|
||
|
return d.err
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
func (r *Rect) decode(d *decoder) {
|
||
|
if version := d.readUint8(); int8(version) != encodingVersion && d.err == nil {
|
||
|
d.err = fmt.Errorf("can't decode version %d; my version: %d", version, encodingVersion)
|
||
|
return
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
r.Lat.Lo = d.readFloat64()
|
||
|
r.Lat.Hi = d.readFloat64()
|
||
|
r.Lng.Lo = d.readFloat64()
|
||
|
r.Lng.Hi = d.readFloat64()
|
||
|
return
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// DistanceToLatLng returns the minimum distance (measured along the surface of the sphere)
|
||
|
// from a given point to the rectangle (both its boundary and its interior).
|
||
|
// If r is empty, the result is meaningless.
|
||
|
// The latlng must be valid.
|
||
|
func (r Rect) DistanceToLatLng(ll LatLng) s1.Angle {
|
||
|
if r.Lng.Contains(float64(ll.Lng)) {
|
||
|
return maxAngle(0, ll.Lat-s1.Angle(r.Lat.Hi), s1.Angle(r.Lat.Lo)-ll.Lat)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
i := s1.IntervalFromEndpoints(r.Lng.Hi, r.Lng.ComplementCenter())
|
||
|
rectLng := r.Lng.Lo
|
||
|
if i.Contains(float64(ll.Lng)) {
|
||
|
rectLng = r.Lng.Hi
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
lo := LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Lo) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(rectLng) * s1.Radian}
|
||
|
hi := LatLng{s1.Angle(r.Lat.Hi) * s1.Radian, s1.Angle(rectLng) * s1.Radian}
|
||
|
return DistanceFromSegment(PointFromLatLng(ll), PointFromLatLng(lo), PointFromLatLng(hi))
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// DirectedHausdorffDistance returns the directed Hausdorff distance (measured along the
|
||
|
// surface of the sphere) to the given Rect. The directed Hausdorff
|
||
|
// distance from rectangle A to rectangle B is given by
|
||
|
// h(A, B) = max_{p in A} min_{q in B} d(p, q).
|
||
|
func (r Rect) DirectedHausdorffDistance(other Rect) s1.Angle {
|
||
|
if r.IsEmpty() {
|
||
|
return 0 * s1.Radian
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if other.IsEmpty() {
|
||
|
return math.Pi * s1.Radian
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
lng := r.Lng.DirectedHausdorffDistance(other.Lng)
|
||
|
return directedHausdorffDistance(lng, r.Lat, other.Lat)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// HausdorffDistance returns the undirected Hausdorff distance (measured along the
|
||
|
// surface of the sphere) to the given Rect.
|
||
|
// The Hausdorff distance between rectangle A and rectangle B is given by
|
||
|
// H(A, B) = max{h(A, B), h(B, A)}.
|
||
|
func (r Rect) HausdorffDistance(other Rect) s1.Angle {
|
||
|
return maxAngle(r.DirectedHausdorffDistance(other),
|
||
|
other.DirectedHausdorffDistance(r))
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// ApproxEqual reports whether the latitude and longitude intervals of the two rectangles
|
||
|
// are the same up to a small tolerance.
|
||
|
func (r Rect) ApproxEqual(other Rect) bool {
|
||
|
return r.Lat.ApproxEqual(other.Lat) && r.Lng.ApproxEqual(other.Lng)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// directedHausdorffDistance returns the directed Hausdorff distance
|
||
|
// from one longitudinal edge spanning latitude range 'a' to the other
|
||
|
// longitudinal edge spanning latitude range 'b', with their longitudinal
|
||
|
// difference given by 'lngDiff'.
|
||
|
func directedHausdorffDistance(lngDiff s1.Angle, a, b r1.Interval) s1.Angle {
|
||
|
// By symmetry, we can assume a's longitude is 0 and b's longitude is
|
||
|
// lngDiff. Call b's two endpoints bLo and bHi. Let H be the hemisphere
|
||
|
// containing a and delimited by the longitude line of b. The Voronoi diagram
|
||
|
// of b on H has three edges (portions of great circles) all orthogonal to b
|
||
|
// and meeting at bLo cross bHi.
|
||
|
// E1: (bLo, bLo cross bHi)
|
||
|
// E2: (bHi, bLo cross bHi)
|
||
|
// E3: (-bMid, bLo cross bHi), where bMid is the midpoint of b
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// They subdivide H into three Voronoi regions. Depending on how longitude 0
|
||
|
// (which contains edge a) intersects these regions, we distinguish two cases:
|
||
|
// Case 1: it intersects three regions. This occurs when lngDiff <= π/2.
|
||
|
// Case 2: it intersects only two regions. This occurs when lngDiff > π/2.
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// In the first case, the directed Hausdorff distance to edge b can only be
|
||
|
// realized by the following points on a:
|
||
|
// A1: two endpoints of a.
|
||
|
// A2: intersection of a with the equator, if b also intersects the equator.
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// In the second case, the directed Hausdorff distance to edge b can only be
|
||
|
// realized by the following points on a:
|
||
|
// B1: two endpoints of a.
|
||
|
// B2: intersection of a with E3
|
||
|
// B3: farthest point from bLo to the interior of D, and farthest point from
|
||
|
// bHi to the interior of U, if any, where D (resp. U) is the portion
|
||
|
// of edge a below (resp. above) the intersection point from B2.
|
||
|
|
||
|
if lngDiff < 0 {
|
||
|
panic("impossible: negative lngDiff")
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if lngDiff > math.Pi {
|
||
|
panic("impossible: lngDiff > Pi")
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
if lngDiff == 0 {
|
||
|
return s1.Angle(a.DirectedHausdorffDistance(b))
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Assumed longitude of b.
|
||
|
bLng := lngDiff
|
||
|
// Two endpoints of b.
|
||
|
bLo := PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(b.Lo), bLng})
|
||
|
bHi := PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(b.Hi), bLng})
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Cases A1 and B1.
|
||
|
aLo := PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(a.Lo), 0})
|
||
|
aHi := PointFromLatLng(LatLng{s1.Angle(a.Hi), 0})
|
||
|
maxDistance := maxAngle(
|
||
|
DistanceFromSegment(aLo, bLo, bHi),
|
||
|
DistanceFromSegment(aHi, bLo, bHi))
|
||
|
|
||
|
if lngDiff <= math.Pi/2 {
|
||
|
// Case A2.
|
||
|
if a.Contains(0) && b.Contains(0) {
|
||
|
maxDistance = maxAngle(maxDistance, lngDiff)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
return maxDistance
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Case B2.
|
||
|
p := bisectorIntersection(b, bLng)
|
||
|
pLat := LatLngFromPoint(p).Lat
|
||
|
if a.Contains(float64(pLat)) {
|
||
|
maxDistance = maxAngle(maxDistance, p.Angle(bLo.Vector))
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Case B3.
|
||
|
if pLat > s1.Angle(a.Lo) {
|
||
|
intDist, ok := interiorMaxDistance(r1.Interval{a.Lo, math.Min(float64(pLat), a.Hi)}, bLo)
|
||
|
if ok {
|
||
|
maxDistance = maxAngle(maxDistance, intDist)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if pLat < s1.Angle(a.Hi) {
|
||
|
intDist, ok := interiorMaxDistance(r1.Interval{math.Max(float64(pLat), a.Lo), a.Hi}, bHi)
|
||
|
if ok {
|
||
|
maxDistance = maxAngle(maxDistance, intDist)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
return maxDistance
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// interiorMaxDistance returns the max distance from a point b to the segment spanning latitude range
|
||
|
// aLat on longitude 0 if the max occurs in the interior of aLat. Otherwise, returns (0, false).
|
||
|
func interiorMaxDistance(aLat r1.Interval, b Point) (a s1.Angle, ok bool) {
|
||
|
// Longitude 0 is in the y=0 plane. b.X >= 0 implies that the maximum
|
||
|
// does not occur in the interior of aLat.
|
||
|
if aLat.IsEmpty() || b.X >= 0 {
|
||
|
return 0, false
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Project b to the y=0 plane. The antipodal of the normalized projection is
|
||
|
// the point at which the maxium distance from b occurs, if it is contained
|
||
|
// in aLat.
|
||
|
intersectionPoint := PointFromCoords(-b.X, 0, -b.Z)
|
||
|
if !aLat.InteriorContains(float64(LatLngFromPoint(intersectionPoint).Lat)) {
|
||
|
return 0, false
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
return b.Angle(intersectionPoint.Vector), true
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// bisectorIntersection return the intersection of longitude 0 with the bisector of an edge
|
||
|
// on longitude 'lng' and spanning latitude range 'lat'.
|
||
|
func bisectorIntersection(lat r1.Interval, lng s1.Angle) Point {
|
||
|
lng = s1.Angle(math.Abs(float64(lng)))
|
||
|
latCenter := s1.Angle(lat.Center())
|
||
|
|
||
|
// A vector orthogonal to the bisector of the given longitudinal edge.
|
||
|
orthoBisector := LatLng{latCenter - math.Pi/2, lng}
|
||
|
if latCenter < 0 {
|
||
|
orthoBisector = LatLng{-latCenter - math.Pi/2, lng - math.Pi}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// A vector orthogonal to longitude 0.
|
||
|
orthoLng := Point{r3.Vector{0, -1, 0}}
|
||
|
|
||
|
return orthoLng.PointCross(PointFromLatLng(orthoBisector))
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Centroid returns the true centroid of the given Rect multiplied by its
|
||
|
// surface area. The result is not unit length, so you may want to normalize it.
|
||
|
// Note that in general the centroid is *not* at the center of the rectangle, and
|
||
|
// in fact it may not even be contained by the rectangle. (It is the "center of
|
||
|
// mass" of the rectangle viewed as subset of the unit sphere, i.e. it is the
|
||
|
// point in space about which this curved shape would rotate.)
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// The reason for multiplying the result by the rectangle area is to make it
|
||
|
// easier to compute the centroid of more complicated shapes. The centroid
|
||
|
// of a union of disjoint regions can be computed simply by adding their
|
||
|
// Centroid results.
|
||
|
func (r Rect) Centroid() Point {
|
||
|
// When a sphere is divided into slices of constant thickness by a set
|
||
|
// of parallel planes, all slices have the same surface area. This
|
||
|
// implies that the z-component of the centroid is simply the midpoint
|
||
|
// of the z-interval spanned by the Rect.
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// Similarly, it is easy to see that the (x,y) of the centroid lies in
|
||
|
// the plane through the midpoint of the rectangle's longitude interval.
|
||
|
// We only need to determine the distance "d" of this point from the
|
||
|
// z-axis.
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// Let's restrict our attention to a particular z-value. In this
|
||
|
// z-plane, the Rect is a circular arc. The centroid of this arc
|
||
|
// lies on a radial line through the midpoint of the arc, and at a
|
||
|
// distance from the z-axis of
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// r * (sin(alpha) / alpha)
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// where r = sqrt(1-z^2) is the radius of the arc, and "alpha" is half
|
||
|
// of the arc length (i.e., the arc covers longitudes [-alpha, alpha]).
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// To find the centroid distance from the z-axis for the entire
|
||
|
// rectangle, we just need to integrate over the z-interval. This gives
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// d = Integrate[sqrt(1-z^2)*sin(alpha)/alpha, z1..z2] / (z2 - z1)
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// where [z1, z2] is the range of z-values covered by the rectangle.
|
||
|
// This simplifies to
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// d = sin(alpha)/(2*alpha*(z2-z1))*(z2*r2 - z1*r1 + theta2 - theta1)
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// where [theta1, theta2] is the latitude interval, z1=sin(theta1),
|
||
|
// z2=sin(theta2), r1=cos(theta1), and r2=cos(theta2).
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// Finally, we want to return not the centroid itself, but the centroid
|
||
|
// scaled by the area of the rectangle. The area of the rectangle is
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// A = 2 * alpha * (z2 - z1)
|
||
|
//
|
||
|
// which fortunately appears in the denominator of "d".
|
||
|
|
||
|
if r.IsEmpty() {
|
||
|
return Point{}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
z1 := math.Sin(r.Lat.Lo)
|
||
|
z2 := math.Sin(r.Lat.Hi)
|
||
|
r1 := math.Cos(r.Lat.Lo)
|
||
|
r2 := math.Cos(r.Lat.Hi)
|
||
|
|
||
|
alpha := 0.5 * r.Lng.Length()
|
||
|
r0 := math.Sin(alpha) * (r2*z2 - r1*z1 + r.Lat.Length())
|
||
|
lng := r.Lng.Center()
|
||
|
z := alpha * (z2 + z1) * (z2 - z1) // scaled by the area
|
||
|
|
||
|
return Point{r3.Vector{r0 * math.Cos(lng), r0 * math.Sin(lng), z}}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// BUG: The major differences from the C++ version are:
|
||
|
// - Get*Distance, Vertex, InteriorContains(LatLng|Rect|Point)
|