// Package api includes constants and interfaces used by both end-users and internal implementations. package api import ( "context" "fmt" "math" "github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/internal/internalapi" ) // ExternType classifies imports and exports with their respective types. // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#external-types%E2%91%A0 type ExternType = byte const ( ExternTypeFunc ExternType = 0x00 ExternTypeTable ExternType = 0x01 ExternTypeMemory ExternType = 0x02 ExternTypeGlobal ExternType = 0x03 ) // The below are exported to consolidate parsing behavior for external types. const ( // ExternTypeFuncName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeFunc. ExternTypeFuncName = "func" // ExternTypeTableName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeTable. ExternTypeTableName = "table" // ExternTypeMemoryName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeMemory. ExternTypeMemoryName = "memory" // ExternTypeGlobalName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeGlobal. ExternTypeGlobalName = "global" ) // ExternTypeName returns the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field of the given type. // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A4 func ExternTypeName(et ExternType) string { switch et { case ExternTypeFunc: return ExternTypeFuncName case ExternTypeTable: return ExternTypeTableName case ExternTypeMemory: return ExternTypeMemoryName case ExternTypeGlobal: return ExternTypeGlobalName } return fmt.Sprintf("%#x", et) } // ValueType describes a parameter or result type mapped to a WebAssembly // function signature. // // The following describes how to convert between Wasm and Golang types: // // - ValueTypeI32 - EncodeU32 DecodeU32 for uint32 / EncodeI32 DecodeI32 for int32 // - ValueTypeI64 - uint64(int64) // - ValueTypeF32 - EncodeF32 DecodeF32 from float32 // - ValueTypeF64 - EncodeF64 DecodeF64 from float64 // - ValueTypeExternref - unintptr(unsafe.Pointer(p)) where p is any pointer // type in Go (e.g. *string) // // e.g. Given a Text Format type use (param i64) (result i64), no conversion is // necessary. // // results, _ := fn(ctx, input) // result := result[0] // // e.g. Given a Text Format type use (param f64) (result f64), conversion is // necessary. // // results, _ := fn(ctx, api.EncodeF64(input)) // result := api.DecodeF64(result[0]) // // Note: This is a type alias as it is easier to encode and decode in the // binary format. // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#binary-valtype type ValueType = byte const ( // ValueTypeI32 is a 32-bit integer. ValueTypeI32 ValueType = 0x7f // ValueTypeI64 is a 64-bit integer. ValueTypeI64 ValueType = 0x7e // ValueTypeF32 is a 32-bit floating point number. ValueTypeF32 ValueType = 0x7d // ValueTypeF64 is a 64-bit floating point number. ValueTypeF64 ValueType = 0x7c // ValueTypeExternref is a externref type. // // Note: in wazero, externref type value are opaque raw 64-bit pointers, // and the ValueTypeExternref type in the signature will be translated as // uintptr in wazero's API level. // // For example, given the import function: // (func (import "env" "f") (param externref) (result externref)) // // This can be defined in Go as: // r.NewHostModuleBuilder("env"). // NewFunctionBuilder(). // WithFunc(func(context.Context, _ uintptr) (_ uintptr) { return }). // Export("f") // // Note: The usage of this type is toggled with api.CoreFeatureBulkMemoryOperations. ValueTypeExternref ValueType = 0x6f ) // ValueTypeName returns the type name of the given ValueType as a string. // These type names match the names used in the WebAssembly text format. // // Note: This returns "unknown", if an undefined ValueType value is passed. func ValueTypeName(t ValueType) string { switch t { case ValueTypeI32: return "i32" case ValueTypeI64: return "i64" case ValueTypeF32: return "f32" case ValueTypeF64: return "f64" case ValueTypeExternref: return "externref" } return "unknown" } // Module is a sandboxed, ready to execute Wasm module. This can be used to get exported functions, etc. // // In WebAssembly terminology, this corresponds to a "Module Instance", but wazero calls pre-instantiation module as // "Compiled Module" as in wazero.CompiledModule, therefore we call this post-instantiation module simply "Module". // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#module-instances%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. // - Closing the wazero.Runtime closes any Module it instantiated. type Module interface { fmt.Stringer // Name is the name this module was instantiated with. Exported functions can be imported with this name. Name() string // Memory returns a memory defined in this module or nil if there are none wasn't. Memory() Memory // ExportedFunction returns a function exported from this module or nil if it wasn't. // // # Notes // - The default wazero.ModuleConfig attempts to invoke `_start`, which // in rare cases can close the module. When in doubt, check IsClosed prior // to invoking a function export after instantiation. // - The semantics of host functions assumes the existence of an "importing module" because, for example, the host function needs access to // the memory of the importing module. Therefore, direct use of ExportedFunction is forbidden for host modules. // Practically speaking, it is usually meaningless to directly call a host function from Go code as it is already somewhere in Go code. ExportedFunction(name string) Function // ExportedFunctionDefinitions returns all the exported function // definitions in this module, keyed on export name. ExportedFunctionDefinitions() map[string]FunctionDefinition // TODO: Table // ExportedMemory returns a memory exported from this module or nil if it wasn't. // // WASI modules require exporting a Memory named "memory". This means that a module successfully initialized // as a WASI Command or Reactor will never return nil for this name. // // See https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/snapshot-01/design/application-abi.md#current-unstable-abi ExportedMemory(name string) Memory // ExportedMemoryDefinitions returns all the exported memory definitions // in this module, keyed on export name. // // Note: As of WebAssembly Core Specification 2.0, there can be at most one // memory. ExportedMemoryDefinitions() map[string]MemoryDefinition // ExportedGlobal a global exported from this module or nil if it wasn't. ExportedGlobal(name string) Global // CloseWithExitCode releases resources allocated for this Module. Use a non-zero exitCode parameter to indicate a // failure to ExportedFunction callers. // // The error returned here, if present, is about resource de-allocation (such as I/O errors). Only the last error is // returned, so a non-nil return means at least one error happened. Regardless of error, this Module will // be removed, making its name available again. // // Calling this inside a host function is safe, and may cause ExportedFunction callers to receive a sys.ExitError // with the exitCode. CloseWithExitCode(ctx context.Context, exitCode uint32) error // Closer closes this module by delegating to CloseWithExitCode with an exit code of zero. Closer // IsClosed returns true if the module is closed, so no longer usable. // // This can happen for the following reasons: // - Closer was called directly. // - A guest function called Closer indirectly, such as `_start` calling // `proc_exit`, which internally closed the module. // - wazero.RuntimeConfig `WithCloseOnContextDone` was enabled and a // context completion closed the module. // // Where any of the above are possible, check this value before calling an // ExportedFunction, even if you didn't formerly receive a sys.ExitError. // sys.ExitError is only returned on non-zero code, something that closes // the module successfully will not result it one. IsClosed() bool internalapi.WazeroOnly } // Closer closes a resource. // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type Closer interface { // Close closes the resource. // // Note: The context parameter is used for value lookup, such as for // logging. A canceled or otherwise done context will not prevent Close // from succeeding. Close(context.Context) error } // ExportDefinition is a WebAssembly type exported in a module // (wazero.CompiledModule). // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type ExportDefinition interface { // ModuleName is the possibly empty name of the module defining this // export. // // Note: This may be different from Module.Name, because a compiled module // can be instantiated multiple times as different names. ModuleName() string // Index is the position in the module's index, imports first. Index() uint32 // Import returns true with the module and name when this was imported. // Otherwise, it returns false. // // Note: Empty string is valid for both names in the WebAssembly Core // Specification, so "" "" is possible. Import() (moduleName, name string, isImport bool) // ExportNames include all exported names. // // Note: The empty name is allowed in the WebAssembly Core Specification, // so "" is possible. ExportNames() []string internalapi.WazeroOnly } // MemoryDefinition is a WebAssembly memory exported in a module // (wazero.CompiledModule). Units are in pages (64KB). // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type MemoryDefinition interface { ExportDefinition // Min returns the possibly zero initial count of 64KB pages. Min() uint32 // Max returns the possibly zero max count of 64KB pages, or false if // unbounded. Max() (uint32, bool) internalapi.WazeroOnly } // FunctionDefinition is a WebAssembly function exported in a module // (wazero.CompiledModule). // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type FunctionDefinition interface { ExportDefinition // Name is the module-defined name of the function, which is not necessarily // the same as its export name. Name() string // DebugName identifies this function based on its Index or Name in the // module. This is used for errors and stack traces. e.g. "env.abort". // // When the function name is empty, a substitute name is generated by // prefixing '$' to its position in the index. Ex ".$0" is the // first function (possibly imported) in an unnamed module. // // The format is dot-delimited module and function name, but there are no // restrictions on the module and function name. This means either can be // empty or include dots. e.g. "x.x.x" could mean module "x" and name "x.x", // or it could mean module "x.x" and name "x". // // Note: This name is stable regardless of import or export. For example, // if Import returns true, the value is still based on the Name or Index // and not the imported function name. DebugName() string // GoFunction is non-nil when implemented by the embedder instead of a wasm // binary, e.g. via wazero.HostModuleBuilder // // The expected results are nil, GoFunction or GoModuleFunction. GoFunction() interface{} // ParamTypes are the possibly empty sequence of value types accepted by a // function with this signature. // // See ValueType documentation for encoding rules. ParamTypes() []ValueType // ParamNames are index-correlated with ParamTypes or nil if not available // for one or more parameters. ParamNames() []string // ResultTypes are the results of the function. // // When WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205), there can be at most one result. // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#result-types%E2%91%A0 // // See ValueType documentation for encoding rules. ResultTypes() []ValueType // ResultNames are index-correlated with ResultTypes or nil if not // available for one or more results. ResultNames() []string internalapi.WazeroOnly } // Function is a WebAssembly function exported from an instantiated module // (wazero.Runtime InstantiateModule). // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#syntax-func // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type Function interface { // Definition is metadata about this function from its defining module. Definition() FunctionDefinition // Call invokes the function with the given parameters and returns any // results or an error for any failure looking up or invoking the function. // // Encoding is described in Definition, and supplying an incorrect count of // parameters vs FunctionDefinition.ParamTypes is an error. // // If the exporting Module was closed during this call, the error returned // may be a sys.ExitError. See Module.CloseWithExitCode for details. // // Call is not goroutine-safe, therefore it is recommended to create // another Function if you want to invoke the same function concurrently. // On the other hand, sequential invocations of Call is allowed. // However, this should not be called multiple times until the previous Call returns. // // To safely encode/decode params/results expressed as uint64, users are encouraged to // use api.EncodeXXX or DecodeXXX functions. See the docs on api.ValueType. // // When RuntimeConfig.WithCloseOnContextDone is toggled, the invocation of this Call method is ensured to be closed // whenever one of the three conditions is met. In the event of close, sys.ExitError will be returned and // the api.Module from which this api.Function is derived will be made closed. See the documentation of // WithCloseOnContextDone on wazero.RuntimeConfig for detail. See examples in context_done_example_test.go for // the end-to-end demonstrations of how these terminations can be performed. Call(ctx context.Context, params ...uint64) ([]uint64, error) // CallWithStack is an optimized variation of Call that saves memory // allocations when the stack slice is reused across calls. // // Stack length must be at least the max of parameter or result length. // The caller adds parameters in order to the stack, and reads any results // in order from the stack, except in the error case. // // For example, the following reuses the same stack slice to call searchFn // repeatedly saving one allocation per iteration: // // stack := make([]uint64, 4) // for i, search := range searchParams { // // copy the next params to the stack // copy(stack, search) // if err := searchFn.CallWithStack(ctx, stack); err != nil { // return err // } else if stack[0] == 1 { // found // return i // searchParams[i] matched! // } // } // // # Notes // // - This is similar to GoModuleFunction, except for using calling functions // instead of implementing them. Moreover, this is used regardless of // whether the callee is a host or wasm defined function. CallWithStack(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) error internalapi.WazeroOnly } // GoModuleFunction is a Function implemented in Go instead of a wasm binary. // The Module parameter is the calling module, used to access memory or // exported functions. See GoModuleFunc for an example. // // The stack is includes any parameters encoded according to their ValueType. // Its length is the max of parameter or result length. When there are results, // write them in order beginning at index zero. Do not use the stack after the // function returns. // // Here's a typical way to read three parameters and write back one. // // // read parameters off the stack in index order // argv, argvBuf := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]), api.DecodeU32(stack[1]) // // // write results back to the stack in index order // stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(ErrnoSuccess) // // This function can be non-deterministic or cause side effects. It also // has special properties not defined in the WebAssembly Core specification. // Notably, this uses the caller's memory (via Module.Memory). See // https://www.w3.org/TR/wasm-core-1/#host-functions%E2%91%A0 // // Most end users will not define functions directly with this, as they will // use reflection or code generators instead. These approaches are more // idiomatic as they can map go types to ValueType. This type is exposed for // those willing to trade usability and safety for performance. // // To safely decode/encode values from/to the uint64 stack, users are encouraged to use // api.EncodeXXX or api.DecodeXXX functions. See the docs on api.ValueType. type GoModuleFunction interface { Call(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64) } // GoModuleFunc is a convenience for defining an inlined function. // // For example, the following returns an uint32 value read from parameter zero: // // api.GoModuleFunc(func(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) { // offset := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]) // read the parameter from the stack // // ret, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(offset) // if !ok { // panic("out of memory") // } // // stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(ret) // add the result back to the stack. // }) type GoModuleFunc func(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64) // Call implements GoModuleFunction.Call. func (f GoModuleFunc) Call(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64) { f(ctx, mod, stack) } // GoFunction is an optimized form of GoModuleFunction which doesn't require // the Module parameter. See GoFunc for an example. // // For example, this function does not need to use the importing module's // memory or exported functions. type GoFunction interface { Call(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) } // GoFunc is a convenience for defining an inlined function. // // For example, the following returns the sum of two uint32 parameters: // // api.GoFunc(func(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) { // x, y := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]), api.DecodeU32(stack[1]) // stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(x + y) // }) type GoFunc func(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) // Call implements GoFunction.Call. func (f GoFunc) Call(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) { f(ctx, stack) } // Global is a WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) global exported from an instantiated module (wazero.Runtime InstantiateModule). // // For example, if the value is not mutable, you can read it once: // // offset := module.ExportedGlobal("memory.offset").Get() // // Globals are allowed by specification to be mutable. However, this can be disabled by configuration. When in doubt, // safe cast to find out if the value can change. Here's an example: // // offset := module.ExportedGlobal("memory.offset") // if _, ok := offset.(api.MutableGlobal); ok { // // value can change // } else { // // value is constant // } // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#globals%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type Global interface { fmt.Stringer // Type describes the numeric type of the global. Type() ValueType // Get returns the last known value of this global. // // See Type for how to decode this value to a Go type. Get() uint64 } // MutableGlobal is a Global whose value can be updated at runtime (variable). // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type MutableGlobal interface { Global // Set updates the value of this global. // // See Global.Type for how to encode this value from a Go type. Set(v uint64) internalapi.WazeroOnly } // Memory allows restricted access to a module's memory. Notably, this does not allow growing. // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#storage%E2%91%A0 // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. // - This includes all value types available in WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) and all are encoded little-endian. type Memory interface { // Definition is metadata about this memory from its defining module. Definition() MemoryDefinition // Size returns the memory size in bytes available. // e.g. If the underlying memory has 1 page: 65536 // // # Notes // // - This overflows (returns zero) if the memory has the maximum 65536 pages. // As a workaround until wazero v2 to fix the return type, use Grow(0) to obtain the current pages and // multiply by 65536. // // See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#-hrefsyntax-instr-memorymathsfmemorysize%E2%91%A0 Size() uint32 // Grow increases memory by the delta in pages (65536 bytes per page). // The return val is the previous memory size in pages, or false if the // delta was ignored as it exceeds MemoryDefinition.Max. // // # Notes // // - This is the same as the "memory.grow" instruction defined in the // WebAssembly Core Specification, except returns false instead of -1. // - When this returns true, any shared views via Read must be refreshed. // // See MemorySizer Read and https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#grow-mem Grow(deltaPages uint32) (previousPages uint32, ok bool) // ReadByte reads a single byte from the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range. ReadByte(offset uint32) (byte, bool) // ReadUint16Le reads a uint16 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns // false if out of range. ReadUint16Le(offset uint32) (uint16, bool) // ReadUint32Le reads a uint32 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns // false if out of range. ReadUint32Le(offset uint32) (uint32, bool) // ReadFloat32Le reads a float32 from 32 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits in the underlying buffer at the offset // or returns false if out of range. // See math.Float32bits ReadFloat32Le(offset uint32) (float32, bool) // ReadUint64Le reads a uint64 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false // if out of range. ReadUint64Le(offset uint32) (uint64, bool) // ReadFloat64Le reads a float64 from 64 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits in the underlying buffer at the offset // or returns false if out of range. // // See math.Float64bits ReadFloat64Le(offset uint32) (float64, bool) // Read reads byteCount bytes from the underlying buffer at the offset or // returns false if out of range. // // For example, to search for a NUL-terminated string: // buf, _ = memory.Read(offset, byteCount) // n := bytes.IndexByte(buf, 0) // if n < 0 { // // Not found! // } // // Write-through // // This returns a view of the underlying memory, not a copy. This means any // writes to the slice returned are visible to Wasm, and any updates from // Wasm are visible reading the returned slice. // // For example: // buf, _ = memory.Read(offset, byteCount) // buf[1] = 'a' // writes through to memory, meaning Wasm code see 'a'. // // If you don't intend-write through, make a copy of the returned slice. // // When to refresh Read // // The returned slice disconnects on any capacity change. For example, // `buf = append(buf, 'a')` might result in a slice that is no longer // shared. The same exists Wasm side. For example, if Wasm changes its // memory capacity, ex via "memory.grow"), the host slice is no longer // shared. Those who need a stable view must set Wasm memory min=max, or // use wazero.RuntimeConfig WithMemoryCapacityPages to ensure max is always // allocated. Read(offset, byteCount uint32) ([]byte, bool) // WriteByte writes a single byte to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns false if out of range. WriteByte(offset uint32, v byte) bool // WriteUint16Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns // false if out of range. WriteUint16Le(offset uint32, v uint16) bool // WriteUint32Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns // false if out of range. WriteUint32Le(offset, v uint32) bool // WriteFloat32Le writes the value in 32 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits to the underlying buffer at the offset // or returns false if out of range. // // See math.Float32bits WriteFloat32Le(offset uint32, v float32) bool // WriteUint64Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns // false if out of range. WriteUint64Le(offset uint32, v uint64) bool // WriteFloat64Le writes the value in 64 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits to the underlying buffer at the offset // or returns false if out of range. // // See math.Float64bits WriteFloat64Le(offset uint32, v float64) bool // Write writes the slice to the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range. Write(offset uint32, v []byte) bool // WriteString writes the string to the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range. WriteString(offset uint32, v string) bool internalapi.WazeroOnly } // CustomSection contains the name and raw data of a custom section. // // # Notes // // - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations. // All implementations are in wazero. type CustomSection interface { // Name is the name of the custom section Name() string // Data is the raw data of the custom section Data() []byte internalapi.WazeroOnly } // EncodeExternref encodes the input as a ValueTypeExternref. // // See DecodeExternref func EncodeExternref(input uintptr) uint64 { return uint64(input) } // DecodeExternref decodes the input as a ValueTypeExternref. // // See EncodeExternref func DecodeExternref(input uint64) uintptr { return uintptr(input) } // EncodeI32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI32. func EncodeI32(input int32) uint64 { return uint64(uint32(input)) } // DecodeI32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeI32. func DecodeI32(input uint64) int32 { return int32(input) } // EncodeU32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI32. func EncodeU32(input uint32) uint64 { return uint64(input) } // DecodeU32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeI32. func DecodeU32(input uint64) uint32 { return uint32(input) } // EncodeI64 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI64. func EncodeI64(input int64) uint64 { return uint64(input) } // EncodeF32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeF32. // // See DecodeF32 func EncodeF32(input float32) uint64 { return uint64(math.Float32bits(input)) } // DecodeF32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeF32. // // See EncodeF32 func DecodeF32(input uint64) float32 { return math.Float32frombits(uint32(input)) } // EncodeF64 encodes the input as a ValueTypeF64. // // See EncodeF32 func EncodeF64(input float64) uint64 { return math.Float64bits(input) } // DecodeF64 decodes the input as a ValueTypeF64. // // See EncodeF64 func DecodeF64(input uint64) float64 { return math.Float64frombits(input) }