mirror of
https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial.git
synced 2024-11-23 12:16:38 +00:00
259 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
259 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# SemVer
|
|
|
|
The `semver` package provides the ability to work with [Semantic Versions](http://semver.org) in Go. Specifically it provides the ability to:
|
|
|
|
* Parse semantic versions
|
|
* Sort semantic versions
|
|
* Check if a semantic version fits within a set of constraints
|
|
* Optionally work with a `v` prefix
|
|
|
|
[](https://masterminds.github.io/stability/active.html)
|
|
[](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/actions)
|
|
[](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3)
|
|
[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/Masterminds/semver)
|
|
|
|
If you are looking for a command line tool for version comparisons please see
|
|
[vert](https://github.com/Masterminds/vert) which uses this library.
|
|
|
|
## Package Versions
|
|
|
|
Note, import `github.com/github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3` to use the latest version.
|
|
|
|
There are three major versions fo the `semver` package.
|
|
|
|
* 3.x.x is the stable and active version. This version is focused on constraint
|
|
compatibility for range handling in other tools from other languages. It has
|
|
a similar API to the v1 releases. The development of this version is on the master
|
|
branch. The documentation for this version is below.
|
|
* 2.x was developed primarily for [dep](https://github.com/golang/dep). There are
|
|
no tagged releases and the development was performed by [@sdboyer](https://github.com/sdboyer).
|
|
There are API breaking changes from v1. This version lives on the [2.x branch](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/tree/2.x).
|
|
* 1.x.x is the original release. It is no longer maintained. You should use the
|
|
v3 release instead. You can read the documentation for the 1.x.x release
|
|
[here](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/blob/release-1/README.md).
|
|
|
|
## Parsing Semantic Versions
|
|
|
|
There are two functions that can parse semantic versions. The `StrictNewVersion`
|
|
function only parses valid version 2 semantic versions as outlined in the
|
|
specification. The `NewVersion` function attempts to coerce a version into a
|
|
semantic version and parse it. For example, if there is a leading v or a version
|
|
listed without all 3 parts (e.g. `v1.2`) it will attempt to coerce it into a valid
|
|
semantic version (e.g., 1.2.0). In both cases a `Version` object is returned
|
|
that can be sorted, compared, and used in constraints.
|
|
|
|
When parsing a version an error is returned if there is an issue parsing the
|
|
version. For example,
|
|
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion("1.2.3-beta.1+build345")
|
|
|
|
The version object has methods to get the parts of the version, compare it to
|
|
other versions, convert the version back into a string, and get the original
|
|
string. Getting the original string is useful if the semantic version was coerced
|
|
into a valid form.
|
|
|
|
## Sorting Semantic Versions
|
|
|
|
A set of versions can be sorted using the `sort` package from the standard library.
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
raw := []string{"1.2.3", "1.0", "1.3", "2", "0.4.2",}
|
|
vs := make([]*semver.Version, len(raw))
|
|
for i, r := range raw {
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion(r)
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
t.Errorf("Error parsing version: %s", err)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
vs[i] = v
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sort.Sort(semver.Collection(vs))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Checking Version Constraints
|
|
|
|
There are two methods for comparing versions. One uses comparison methods on
|
|
`Version` instances and the other uses `Constraints`. There are some important
|
|
differences to notes between these two methods of comparison.
|
|
|
|
1. When two versions are compared using functions such as `Compare`, `LessThan`,
|
|
and others it will follow the specification and always include prereleases
|
|
within the comparison. It will provide an answer that is valid with the
|
|
comparison section of the spec at https://semver.org/#spec-item-11
|
|
2. When constraint checking is used for checks or validation it will follow a
|
|
different set of rules that are common for ranges with tools like npm/js
|
|
and Rust/Cargo. This includes considering prereleases to be invalid if the
|
|
ranges does not include one. If you want to have it include pre-releases a
|
|
simple solution is to include `-0` in your range.
|
|
3. Constraint ranges can have some complex rules including the shorthand use of
|
|
~ and ^. For more details on those see the options below.
|
|
|
|
There are differences between the two methods or checking versions because the
|
|
comparison methods on `Version` follow the specification while comparison ranges
|
|
are not part of the specification. Different packages and tools have taken it
|
|
upon themselves to come up with range rules. This has resulted in differences.
|
|
For example, npm/js and Cargo/Rust follow similar patterns while PHP has a
|
|
different pattern for ^. The comparison features in this package follow the
|
|
npm/js and Cargo/Rust lead because applications using it have followed similar
|
|
patters with their versions.
|
|
|
|
Checking a version against version constraints is one of the most featureful
|
|
parts of the package.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
c, err := semver.NewConstraint(">= 1.2.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle constraint not being parsable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion("1.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle version not being parsable.
|
|
}
|
|
// Check if the version meets the constraints. The a variable will be true.
|
|
a := c.Check(v)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Basic Comparisons
|
|
|
|
There are two elements to the comparisons. First, a comparison string is a list
|
|
of space or comma separated AND comparisons. These are then separated by || (OR)
|
|
comparisons. For example, `">= 1.2 < 3.0.0 || >= 4.2.3"` is looking for a
|
|
comparison that's greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than 3.0.0 or is
|
|
greater than or equal to 4.2.3.
|
|
|
|
The basic comparisons are:
|
|
|
|
* `=`: equal (aliased to no operator)
|
|
* `!=`: not equal
|
|
* `>`: greater than
|
|
* `<`: less than
|
|
* `>=`: greater than or equal to
|
|
* `<=`: less than or equal to
|
|
|
|
### Working With Prerelease Versions
|
|
|
|
Pre-releases, for those not familiar with them, are used for software releases
|
|
prior to stable or generally available releases. Examples of prereleases include
|
|
development, alpha, beta, and release candidate releases. A prerelease may be
|
|
a version such as `1.2.3-beta.1` while the stable release would be `1.2.3`. In the
|
|
order of precedence, prereleases come before their associated releases. In this
|
|
example `1.2.3-beta.1 < 1.2.3`.
|
|
|
|
According to the Semantic Version specification prereleases may not be
|
|
API compliant with their release counterpart. It says,
|
|
|
|
> A pre-release version indicates that the version is unstable and might not satisfy the intended compatibility requirements as denoted by its associated normal version.
|
|
|
|
SemVer comparisons using constraints without a prerelease comparator will skip
|
|
prerelease versions. For example, `>=1.2.3` will skip prereleases when looking
|
|
at a list of releases while `>=1.2.3-0` will evaluate and find prereleases.
|
|
|
|
The reason for the `0` as a pre-release version in the example comparison is
|
|
because pre-releases can only contain ASCII alphanumerics and hyphens (along with
|
|
`.` separators), per the spec. Sorting happens in ASCII sort order, again per the
|
|
spec. The lowest character is a `0` in ASCII sort order
|
|
(see an [ASCII Table](http://www.asciitable.com/))
|
|
|
|
Understanding ASCII sort ordering is important because A-Z comes before a-z. That
|
|
means `>=1.2.3-BETA` will return `1.2.3-alpha`. What you might expect from case
|
|
sensitivity doesn't apply here. This is due to ASCII sort ordering which is what
|
|
the spec specifies.
|
|
|
|
### Hyphen Range Comparisons
|
|
|
|
There are multiple methods to handle ranges and the first is hyphens ranges.
|
|
These look like:
|
|
|
|
* `1.2 - 1.4.5` which is equivalent to `>= 1.2 <= 1.4.5`
|
|
* `2.3.4 - 4.5` which is equivalent to `>= 2.3.4 <= 4.5`
|
|
|
|
### Wildcards In Comparisons
|
|
|
|
The `x`, `X`, and `*` characters can be used as a wildcard character. This works
|
|
for all comparison operators. When used on the `=` operator it falls
|
|
back to the patch level comparison (see tilde below). For example,
|
|
|
|
* `1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `>= 1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0`
|
|
* `<= 2.x` is equivalent to `< 3`
|
|
* `*` is equivalent to `>= 0.0.0`
|
|
|
|
### Tilde Range Comparisons (Patch)
|
|
|
|
The tilde (`~`) comparison operator is for patch level ranges when a minor
|
|
version is specified and major level changes when the minor number is missing.
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
* `~1.2.3` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.3, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `~1` is equivalent to `>= 1, < 2`
|
|
* `~2.3` is equivalent to `>= 2.3, < 2.4`
|
|
* `~1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `~1.x` is equivalent to `>= 1, < 2`
|
|
|
|
### Caret Range Comparisons (Major)
|
|
|
|
The caret (`^`) comparison operator is for major level changes once a stable
|
|
(1.0.0) release has occurred. Prior to a 1.0.0 release the minor versions acts
|
|
as the API stability level. This is useful when comparisons of API versions as a
|
|
major change is API breaking. For example,
|
|
|
|
* `^1.2.3` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.3, < 2.0.0`
|
|
* `^1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 2.0.0`
|
|
* `^2.3` is equivalent to `>= 2.3, < 3`
|
|
* `^2.x` is equivalent to `>= 2.0.0, < 3`
|
|
* `^0.2.3` is equivalent to `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
|
|
* `^0.2` is equivalent to `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0`
|
|
* `^0.0.3` is equivalent to `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4`
|
|
* `^0.0` is equivalent to `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
|
|
* `^0` is equivalent to `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0`
|
|
|
|
## Validation
|
|
|
|
In addition to testing a version against a constraint, a version can be validated
|
|
against a constraint. When validation fails a slice of errors containing why a
|
|
version didn't meet the constraint is returned. For example,
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
c, err := semver.NewConstraint("<= 1.2.3, >= 1.4")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle constraint not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion("1.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle version not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Validate a version against a constraint.
|
|
a, msgs := c.Validate(v)
|
|
// a is false
|
|
for _, m := range msgs {
|
|
fmt.Println(m)
|
|
|
|
// Loops over the errors which would read
|
|
// "1.3 is greater than 1.2.3"
|
|
// "1.3 is less than 1.4"
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Contribute
|
|
|
|
If you find an issue or want to contribute please file an [issue](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/issues)
|
|
or [create a pull request](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/pulls).
|
|
|
|
## Security
|
|
|
|
Security is an important consideration for this project. The project currently
|
|
uses the following tools to help discover security issues:
|
|
|
|
* [CodeQL](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver)
|
|
* [gosec](https://github.com/securego/gosec)
|
|
* Daily Fuzz testing
|
|
|
|
If you believe you have found a security vulnerability you can privately disclose
|
|
it through the [GitHub security page](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/security).
|