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96 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
96 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
# httpsnoop
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Package httpsnoop provides an easy way to capture http related metrics (i.e.
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response time, bytes written, and http status code) from your application's
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http.Handlers.
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Doing this requires non-trivial wrapping of the http.ResponseWriter interface,
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which is also exposed for users interested in a more low-level API.
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[](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/felixge/httpsnoop)
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[](https://github.com/felixge/httpsnoop/actions/workflows/main.yaml)
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## Usage Example
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```go
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// myH is your app's http handler, perhaps a http.ServeMux or similar.
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var myH http.Handler
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// wrappedH wraps myH in order to log every request.
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wrappedH := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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m := httpsnoop.CaptureMetrics(myH, w, r)
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log.Printf(
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"%s %s (code=%d dt=%s written=%d)",
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r.Method,
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r.URL,
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m.Code,
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m.Duration,
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m.Written,
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)
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})
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http.ListenAndServe(":8080", wrappedH)
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```
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## Why this package exists
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Instrumenting an application's http.Handler is surprisingly difficult.
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However if you google for e.g. "capture ResponseWriter status code" you'll find
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lots of advise and code examples that suggest it to be a fairly trivial
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undertaking. Unfortunately everything I've seen so far has a high chance of
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breaking your application.
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The main problem is that a `http.ResponseWriter` often implements additional
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interfaces such as `http.Flusher`, `http.CloseNotifier`, `http.Hijacker`, `http.Pusher`, and
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`io.ReaderFrom`. So the naive approach of just wrapping `http.ResponseWriter`
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in your own struct that also implements the `http.ResponseWriter` interface
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will hide the additional interfaces mentioned above. This has a high change of
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introducing subtle bugs into any non-trivial application.
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Another approach I've seen people take is to return a struct that implements
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all of the interfaces above. However, that's also problematic, because it's
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difficult to fake some of these interfaces behaviors when the underlying
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`http.ResponseWriter` doesn't have an implementation. It's also dangerous,
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because an application may choose to operate differently, merely because it
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detects the presence of these additional interfaces.
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This package solves this problem by checking which additional interfaces a
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`http.ResponseWriter` implements, returning a wrapped version implementing the
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exact same set of interfaces.
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Additionally this package properly handles edge cases such as `WriteHeader` not
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being called, or called more than once, as well as concurrent calls to
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`http.ResponseWriter` methods, and even calls happening after the wrapped
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`ServeHTTP` has already returned.
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Unfortunately this package is not perfect either. It's possible that it is
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still missing some interfaces provided by the go core (let me know if you find
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one), and it won't work for applications adding their own interfaces into the
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mix. You can however use `httpsnoop.Unwrap(w)` to access the underlying
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`http.ResponseWriter` and type-assert the result to its other interfaces.
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However, hopefully the explanation above has sufficiently scared you of rolling
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your own solution to this problem. httpsnoop may still break your application,
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but at least it tries to avoid it as much as possible.
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Anyway, the real problem here is that smuggling additional interfaces inside
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`http.ResponseWriter` is a problematic design choice, but it probably goes as
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deep as the Go language specification itself. But that's okay, I still prefer
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Go over the alternatives ;).
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## Performance
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```
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BenchmarkBaseline-8 20000 94912 ns/op
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BenchmarkCaptureMetrics-8 20000 95461 ns/op
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```
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As you can see, using `CaptureMetrics` on a vanilla http.Handler introduces an
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overhead of ~500 ns per http request on my machine. However, the margin of
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error appears to be larger than that, therefor it should be reasonable to
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assume that the overhead introduced by `CaptureMetrics` is absolutely
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negligible.
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## License
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MIT
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